Who may be subject to civil penalties under the HMR for hazmat violations?

• A. Shippers only
• B. HazMat Employer
• C. Employees only
• D. Public stakeholders

Answer: (B)

The main idea is that the HazMat Employer bears civil penalties because they are responsible for the company’s hazmat program and ensuring safe, compliant handling and transport. The employer must establish training, proper packaging and labeling, accurate shipping papers, and supervision of employees who handle hazmat shipments. If a violation happens, penalties can be assessed against the employer for failing to implement or enforce the required program or for inadequate supervision or training that allowed the violation to occur. This places accountability on the party in charge of the hazmat program, which is why the correct answer points to the HazMat Employer.